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Evolutionary programming is an evolutionary algorithm, where a share of new population is created by mutation of previous population without crossover.cite-ref-overview-1-0[1]cite-ref-2[2] Evolutionary programming differs from evolution strategy ES( μ μ + λ λ {\displaystyle \mu +\lambda } ) in one detail.cite-ref-overview-1-1[1] All individuals are selected for the new population, while in ES( μ μ + λ λ {\displaystyle \mu +\lambda } ), every individual has the same probability to be selected. It is one of the four major evolutionary algorithm paradigms.cite-ref-3[3]

• History

• See also

• References

• External links

It was first used by Lawrence J. Fogel in the US in 1960 in order to use simulated evolution as a learning process aiming to generate artificial intelligence.cite-ref-4[4] It was used to evolve finite-state machines as predictors.cite-ref-5[5]

| Year | Description | Reference |

|---|---|---|

| 1966 | EP introduced by Fogel et al. | [ 6 ] |

| 1992 | Improved fast EP - Cauchy mutation is used instead of Gaussian mutation | [ 7 ] |

| 2002 | Generalized EP - usage of Lévy -type mutation | [ 8 ] |

| 2012 | Diversity-guided EP - Mutation step size is guided by diversity | [ 9 ] |

| 2013 | Adaptive EP - The number of successful mutations determines the strategy parameter | [ 10 ] |

| 2014 | Social EP - Social cognitive model is applied meaning replacing individuals with cognitive agents | [ 11 ] |

| 2015 | Immunised EP - Artificial immune system inspired mutation and selection | [ 12 ] |

| 2016 | Mixed mutation strategy EP - Gaussian, Cauchy and Lévy mutations are used | [ 13 ] |

| 2017 | Fast Convergence EP - An algorithm, which boosts convergence speed and solution quality | [ 14 ] |

| 2017 | Immune log-normal EP - log-normal mutation combined with artificial immune system | [ 15 ] |

| 2018 | ADM-EP - automatically designed mutation operators | [ 16 ] |

• Artificial intelligence

• Genetic algorithm

• Genetic operator

cite-note-overview-11. ↑ citerefslowikkwasnicka2020Slowik, Adam; Kwasnicka, Halina (1 August 2020). "Evolutionary algorithms and their applications to engineering problems". Neural Computing and Applications. 32 (16): 12363–12379. doi:10.1007/s00521-020-04832-8. ISSN 1433-3058.

cite-note-22. ↑ citerefabidoelazouni2021Abido, Mohammad A.; Elazouni, Ashraf (30 November 2021). "Modified multi-objective evolutionary programming algorithm for solving project scheduling problems". Expert Systems with Applications. 183: 115338. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115338. ISSN 0957-4174.

cite-note-33. ↑ citerefbrameier2004Brameier, Markus (2004). "On Linear Genetic Programming". Dissertation. Retrieved 27 December 2024.

cite-note-44. ↑ "Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution". Evolutionary Computation. 2009. doi:10.1109/9780470544600.ch7. ISBN 978-0-470-54460-0.

cite-note-55. ↑ citerefabrahamnedjahmourelle2006Abraham, Ajith; Nedjah, Nadia; Mourelle, Luiza de Macedo (2006). "Evolutionary Computation: from Genetic Algorithms to Genetic Programming". Genetic Systems Programming: Theory and Experiences. Studies in Computational Intelligence. 13. Springer: 1–20. doi:10.1007/3-540-32498-4_1. ISBN 978-3-540-29849-6.

cite-note-61. citereffogelowenswalsh1966Fogel, LJ; Owens, AJ; Walsh, MJ (1966). rtificial intelligence thorough simulated evolution. New York: Wiley.

cite-note-72. citerefxin-yaoyong-liuguangming-lin1999Xin Yao; Yong Liu; Guangming Lin (July 1999). "Evolutionary programming made faster". IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 3 (2): 82–102. doi:10.1109/4235.771163.

cite-note-83. citerefiwamatsu2002Iwamatsu, Masao (1 August 2002). "Generalized evolutionary programming with Lévy-type mutation". Computer Physics Communications. 147 (1): 729–732. Bibcode:2002CoPhC.147..729I. doi:10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00386-7. ISSN 0010-4655.

cite-note-94. citerefalamislamyaomurase2012Alam, Mohammad Shafiul; Islam, Md. Monirul; Yao, Xin; Murase, Kazuyuki (1 June 2012). "Diversity Guided Evolutionary Programming: A novel approach for continuous optimization". Applied Soft Computing. 12 (6): 1693–1707. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2012.02.002. ISSN 1568-4946.

cite-note-105. citerefdasmallipeddimaity2013Das, Swagatam; Mallipeddi, Rammohan; Maity, Dipankar (1 April 2013). "Adaptive evolutionary programming with p-best mutation strategy". Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. 9: 58–68. doi:10.1016/j.swevo.2012.11.002. ISSN 2210-6502.

cite-note-116. citerefnanxiaominshouzhenjinghong2014Nan, LI; Xiaomin, BAI; Shouzhen, ZHU; Jinghong, ZHENG (1 January 2014). "Social Evolutionary Programming Algorithm onUnit Commitment in Wind Power Integrated System". IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 47 (3): 3611–3616. doi:10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.00384. ISSN 1474-6670.

cite-note-127. citerefgao2015Gao, Wei (1 August 2015). "Slope stability analysis based on immunised evolutionary programming". Environmental Earth Sciences. 74 (4): 3357–3369. Bibcode:2015EES....74.3357G. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4372-0. ISSN 1866-6299.

cite-note-138. citerefpangdonghefeng2016Pang, Jinwei; Dong, Hongbin; He, Jun; Feng, Qi (July 2016). "Mixed mutation strategy evolutionary programming based on Shapley value". 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). pp. 2805–2812. doi:10.1109/CEC.2016.7744143. ISBN 978-1-5090-0623-6.

cite-note-149. citerefbasu2017Basu, Mousumi (14 September 2017). "Fast Convergence Evolutionary Programming for Multi-area Economic Dispatch". Electric Power Components and Systems. 45 (15): 1629–1637. doi:10.1080/15325008.2017.1376234. ISSN 1532-5008.

cite-note-1510. citerefmansormusirinothman2017Mansor, M.H.; Musirin, I.; Othman, M.M. (April 2017). "Immune Log-Normal Evolutionary Programming (ILNEP) for solving economic dispatch problem with prohibited operating zones". 2017 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA). pp. 163–167. doi:10.1109/IEA.2017.7939199. ISBN 978-1-5090-6774-9.

cite-note-1611. citerefhongdrakewoodward-zcan2018Hong, Libin; Drake, John H.; Woodward, John R.; Özcan, Ender (1 January 2018). "A hyper-heuristic approach to automated generation of mutation operators for evolutionary programming". Applied Soft Computing. 62: 162–175. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2017.10.002. ISSN 1568-4946.

• The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to Evolutionary Computation: What's Evolutionary Programming (EP)?

• Evolutionary Programming by Jason Brownlee (PhD) Archived 2013-01-18 at the Wayback Machine